» » Introduction To English Morphology

Introduction To English Morphology

MORPHOLOGYLiterally means the study of forms
Acc. to Godby et.al
→ the study of the way in which words are constructed out of smaller meaningful unit
Acc. to Nida
→ the study of morphemes and their arrangements in forming words
Acc. to Matthew
→ branch of linguistics concern with the form of words in different uses and construction

MORPHEME
→ a smallest part and meaningful
 acc. to Bloomfield
→ a linguistic form that bears no partial phonetic-semantic resemblance
Not identical with syllable

TYPE OF MORPHEMES
Morphemes may be composed of
Segmental phonemes
e.g: ship

Supra-segmental phonemes
e.g: the sentence-final glides that follow the last intonationally  stressed syllable

Combination of segmental and supra-segmental phonemes
e.g: boy, girl, goulash, purchase

BOUND vs FREE MORPHEME
Bound morphemes
→ morphemes that can not normally stand alone
e.g: re-, -ist, -ed, -s

Free morphemes
→ morphemes that can stand by themselves as single words
e.g: open, tour, tree

ROOTS vs NON-ROOTS
Roots
→ constitutes the nuclei (core/central part) of all words
e.g: 
  • friendly, agreement, dishonesty
  • single word: blackbird, overtake
  • the word cran- in cranberry doesn’t constitute the nucleus of any other words but it occurs in the position occupied by roots like blueberry, redberry, strawberry
Roots can become non-roots and vice versa
e.g: -ism in pragmatism, communism
Full root: I’m disgusted with all these isms

ROOTS vs STEMS
A stem
→ composed of:
a. nucleus consisting of 1 or more roots
b. Nucleus plus any other non-root
e.g: 
  • man in the word manly is root and stem
  • breakwater is the stem of breakwaters and 2 roots (break and water) 
                                                               
NURCLEI vs NON-NUCLEI
The nucleus of a morphological construction consists of a root or a combination of root
The non nucleus consists of non roots
e.g: boy      ishness
    nucleus   non-nucleus

INFLECTIONAL vs DERIVATIONAL MORPHEMES 
Derivational morphemes
→ morpheme which derive or create new words by changing the meaning or part of speech
e.g: -ness in happiness

Inflectional morphemes
→ change neither the meaning or part of speech but give additional information
e.g: -s in cats
(Sumber: Catatan Materi Kuliah English Morphology UT)
0 Komentar untuk "Introduction To English Morphology"

Back To Top